DDI-IND-MOSPI-NSSO-50Rnd-Sch10-1993-94
Employment and Unemployment Survey, July 1993 - June 1994
NSS 50th Round
EUS 1993-94 : NSS 50th Round
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| India | IND |
Socio-Economic/Household Survey
The NSSO carried out the first quinquennial survey on employment - unemployment in the 27th round (September 1972 - October 1973). This first survey made a marked departure from the earlier employment surveys of NSSO in procedure and content. The concepts and procedure followed in this survey were primarily based on the recommendations of the 'Expert Committee on Unemployment Estimates' (1970). since then, the three successive quinquennial surveys conducted in 32nd (July 1977 - June 1978), 38th (January - December 1983) and 43rd (July 1987 - June 1988) rounds have more or less followed an identical approach in the measurement of employment and unemployment. Continuing in this series this was the fifth quinquennial survey conducted as 50th round from July 1993-June 1994.
The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fifth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1993 - june 1994 . In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10). Apart from the information usually collected in the quinquennial rounds, information on some new items were also collected.
With the experience gained from the past four quinquennial surveys behind, keeping in view the need for further refinements in the concepts and procedures and wider coverage in the light of international practices, certain modifications/ changes were made in this survey the 50th round, without affecting its comparability with the past surveys. These are briefly cited below:
(i) In the past surveys, the current weekly status (CWS) of a person was first assigned on the basis of the response to the questions relating to his participation in gainful activities (non-gainful activities) and thereafter the daily time disposition data was collected only for those in the labour force as per the CWS. In this round,the daily time disposition for all the persons surveyed were collected and the CWS was determined based on the time disposition data so collected, without probing any further on this point.
(ii) Certain probing questions were introduced to all persons who were unemployed on all the days of the days of the reference week. These include educational background of unemployed, spell of unemployment, industry-occupation of the last employment, reason for leaving the employment, etc.
(iii) A set of probing questions were framed to get the profile of the children (5-14 years) particularly their economic activities.
(iv) As information on migration were collected extensively in the 49th round, items relating to migration were not collected in this 50th round.
(v) The probing questions meant for the employed persons according to usual status were modified to obtain a better view of the underemployment situation.
(vi) Hitherto, in NSS, work was identified with the performing of 'gainful activity'. As the international standards use the term 'economic activity' rather than 'gainful activity', the concept of economic activity was introduced in the fiftieth round. However, the coverage of activities under the new term was kept the same as in the earlier surveys, except, for the inclusion of 'own account production of fixed assets' as a work related activity.
(vii) In the NSS quinquennial surveys the identification of usual status involved a trichotomous classification of persons into 'employed', 'unemployed' and 'out of labour force' based on the major time criterion. In this round, the procedure prescribed was a two stage dichotomous procedure which involves a classification into 'labour force' and 'out of labour force' in the first stage and the labour force into 'employed' and 'unemployed' in the second stage.
Work Programme: The survey period of one year was divided into four sub-rounds of three months duration each as below.
sub-round period of survey
1 July-September, 1993
2 October- December, 1993
3 January-March, 1994
4 April-June, 1994
Period of Survey for the Four Sub-Rounds Equal number of sample villages and blocks was allotted for survey in each of these sub--rounds. However in Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Lakshadweep, and rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, the re-striction of surveying the allotted households during the sub-round period was not strictly enforced.The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household
V1.0; Re-organised anonymised dataset for public distribution.
The NSSO surveys on employment and unemployment aim to measure the extent of ‘employment’ and ‘unemployment’ in quantitative terms disaggregated by various household and population characteristics . The persons surveyed are classified in to various activity categories on the basis of the activities pursue d by them during certain specified reference periods. Three reference periods are used in thes e surveys. These are (i) one year (ii) one week and (iii) each day of the week. Based on these th ree periods three different measures are arrived at. These are termed as usual status, current we ekly status ,and the current daily status .In the present survey, apart from the collection of data on employment and unemployment efforts were also made to collect data on the activity profiles of children. This is hoped to make available useful information relating to child labour and its causes. Another new dimension added to the present survey was in the probing questions to the unemployed regarding their educational background, past employment, nature of efforts made and sectors in which employment is sought. The probing questions on the employed to understand the extent of under utilisation of labour time was further expanded to acquire more specific information from the employed. There were also some questions on the qualitative aspects of employment like occupational changes, availability of trade unions, nature of employer etc.
The data for this survey was collected in the NSS Schedule 10 used for employment surveys. For this round, the schedule had 8 core blocks out of 13 blocks.
Blocks 0, 1 and 2 - were similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These were used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.
Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, use of hired labour, monthl y per capita expenditure etc. were recorded in ths block.
Block-4: In this Block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level school attendan ce, principal and subsidiary statuses, the industry, occupation of the employed, distance to place of work etc. were re corded.
Block-5: This was used to record the daily time disposition. Apart form recording the different activities from among the various status codes explained in the earlier part of this section, the i ndustry and type of ‘operation’ for rural areas were also recorded. For a day utmost two activity statuses could be recorded, an activity status getting an intensity of ‘half or full’ depending on the time spent on it. No limits on the number of activities that could be reported in a week was specified. The current weekly status of the person derived form the various daily activity statuses followed in the week and the corresponding industry-occupation was also recorded in this block. Besi des the above, the wage and salary earnings were also entered in this block.
Block-6: Block 6 was used to record the answers to certain probing questions to the unemployed. The unemployed for this purpose were those who had not worked on any day of the reference week. These probing questions included among other things the academic performance, particulars of work sought, details of past employment, reasons for unemployment, length of spell of unemployment, type of efforts made etc.
Block-7 : Further probing questions on the usually employed on the qualitative aspects of employment were made in Block 7. These included occupational mobility, availability for additional work and reasons, extent of under utilisation of labour time, membership of trade unions, nature of employer, permanency of employment etc..
Block-8: A major innovation in this survey was the attempt to specifically collect information on the activity profiles of children. In order to build up the profile, the school attendance status of the hildren,reason for non-attendance, extent of participation in household chores, information on the type of work done and the industry in which worked, reason for working, economic benefits derived by the household from such work , its effect on studies etc. were ascertained for all children aged in the 5-14 years age group in the sample household. All this information was reco rded in Block 8.
Block-9: In Block 9, the follow up questions were asked to or about those who reportedly were engaged in domestic duties. This block was canvassed as in th e previous surveys .
Block-10: Block 10 was canvassed as part of the rural labour enquiry being undertaken for the Labour Bureau by the NSSO and which is integrated with the employment survey.
Blocks 11 & 12: used for recording the remarks of the investigator and comments of supervisory officers respectively.
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| Labor Markets | World Bank | http://www.surveynetwork.org/toolkit |
The fifth quinquennial survey was conducted during the 50th round survey operations from July 1993 to June, 1994. Generally the NSSO surveys cover the entire country with the exception of certain interior areas of Nagala nd and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However in this round besides the above, in the state of Jammu & Kashmir out of the 12 Districts, only three Districts could be surveyed. These Districts viz. Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur are however included in the all India estimates..
The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Sample Survey Office | M/o Statistcs and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Survey Design Reearch Division | National Sample Survey Office | Questionnaire Desgn, Sampling methodology,Survey Reports |
| Field Operations Division | National Sample Survey Office | Field Work |
| Data Processing Division | National Sample Survey Office | Data Processing |
| Computer Centre | M/o Statistcs and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) | Tabulation and Dissemination |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| M/o Statistics & Programme Implementation, GOI | MOSPI |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Governing council and Working Group | GOI | Finalisation of survey study and Questionnaire |
The sample design adopted for this round of survey was similar to that followed in the past surveys in its general aspects. The ge neral scheme was a two stage stratified design with the first stage units being villages in the rural areas and urban frame survey blocks(UFS) in the urban areas. The second stage units were the households.
Sampling frame for first stage units:
The frame used for selection of first stage units in the rural sector was the 1991 census list of villages for all the four sub-rounds for 8 states/u.t.s viz. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Chandigarh. However for Agra district of U.P. and the three districts, viz.Durg, Sagar, and Morena of M.P., samples were drawn using 1981 census list of villages. For Jammu & Kashmir samples for all the 4 sub-rounds were drawn using the 1981 census list as the 1991 census was not conducted in the st ate. For the remaining 23 states/u.t.s, the frame was 1991 census list for sub-rounds 2 to 4 and 1981 census list for sub-round 1 as the 1991 census list was not available for use at the time of drawing the samples.
As usual, for Nagaland the list of villages within 5 kms. of the bus route and for Andaman and Nicobar Islands the list of accessible villages constituted the frame. In the case of urban sector the frame consisted of the UFS blocks and, for some newly declared towns where these were not available, the 1991 census enumeration blocks were used.
Region formation and stratification:
States were divided into regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and cropping pattern. In rural sector each district was treated a separate stratum if the population was below 2 million and where it exceeded 2 million, it was split into two or more strata. This cut off point of population was taken as 1.8 million ( in place of 2 million ) for the purpose of stratification for districts for which the 1981 census frame wa s used. In the urban sector, strata were formed, within each NSS region on the basis of population size class of towns. However for towns with population of 4 lakhs or more the urban blocks were divided into two classes viz. one consisting of blocks inhabited by affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.
Selection of first stage units :
Selection of sample villages was done circular systematically with probability proportional to population and sample blocks circular system-atically with equal probability. Both the sample villages and the sample blocks were selected in the form of two or more independent sub-samples. In Arunachal Pradesh the procedure of cluster sampling has been followed. Further large villages/blocks having present population of 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet- groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet- groups were selected from the
larger villages while one sub-block was selected in urban sector for larger blocks.
Selection of households :
While listing the households in the selected villages, certain relatively affluent households were identified and considered as second stage stratum 1 and the rest as second stage stratum 2.
A total of 10 households were surveyed from the selected village/hamlet-groups, 2 from the fi rst category and remaining from the second.
Further in the second stage stratum-2, the households were arranged according to the means of livelihood. The means of livelihood were identified on the basis of the major source of income as i) self-employed in non-agricultu re, ii) rural labour and iii) others. The land possessed by the households was also ascertained and the frame for selection was arranged on the basis of this information.
The households were selected circular systematically from both the second stage strata.
In the urban blocks a different method was used for arranging the households for selection. This involved the identification means of livelihood of households as any one of a) self-employed, b)regular salaried/wage earnings, c) casual labour, d) others. Further the average household monthly per capita consumer expenditure (mpce) was also ascertained. All households with MPCE of (i) Rs. 1200/- or more (in towns with population less than 10 lakhs or (ii) Rs. 1500/- or more (in towns with population 10 lakh or more) formed second-stage stratum 1 and the rest, second-stage stratum 2.The households of second-stage stratum 2 were arranged according to means of livelihood class and MPCE ranges before selection of sample households. A total of 10 households were selected from each sample block as follows
(i) For affluent strata/classes : 4 households from second- stage stratum 1 and 6 households from second-stage stratum 2
(ii) For other strata/classes : 2 households from second-stage stratum 1 and 8 from second-stage stratum 2.
Households were then selected circular systematically w ith a random start.
Shortfall in the required number of household in any second-stage st ratum was made up by ncreasing the quota for the other second stage stratum.
A total of 7284 sample villages (Rural) and 4792 sample blocks (Urban) were allotted in central sample. 6983 sample villages and 470 sample blocks were successfullly surveyed covering 356351 persons in sample villages and 208389 persons in sample blocks.
There was no deviation from the original sampling design
Three different weightsare provided in each record of filess in the data set. Deatils are as follows:-
Summary description of the schedule : The schedule 10 on employment-unemployment for NSS50th round consisted of 13 blocks as given below.
Blocks 0, 1 and 2 - identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.
Block 3 - Household Characteristics.
Block 4 - Demographic and usual activity particulars.
Block 5 - Time disposition during the week.
Block 6 - Follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the seven days of the week.
Block 7 - Follow up questions for persons employed either in the principal or subsidiary status 11-51.
Block 8 - Follow-up questions for children aged 5-14 years.
Block 9 - Follow up questions for persons with principal usual activity status codes 92 & 93 (i.e. those engaged in domestic duties).
Block 10 - Household indebtedness Collected only for rural labour households.
Blocks 11 & 12 - used for recording the remarks of the investigator and comments of supervisory officers respectively.
The the linkage between different blocks are shown in the block diagram given below.
Block 0.1 &2
Block 3 ---> Block 10
Block 4----> Block 7----->Block 8---> Block 9
Block 5----> Block 6
Block 11 & 12
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1993-07-01 | 1993-09-30 | Sub-round-1 |
| 1993-10-01 | 1993-12-31 | Sub-round-2 |
| 1994-01-01 | 1994-03-31 | Sub-round-3 |
| 1994-04-01 | 1994-06-30 | Sub-round-4 |
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Field Operations Division of Naional Sample Survey Office | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | NSSO(FOD) |
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | M/O Statistics and Programme Implementation | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx | nssodata@gmail.com |
Validated unit level data relating to various survey rounds are available on CD-ROMS which can be obtained from the Deputy Director General, Computer Centre, M/O Statistics and PI, East Block No. 10 R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066 by remitting the price along with packaging and postal charges as well as giving an undertaking duly signed in a specified format.The amount is to be remitted by way of demand draft drawn in favour of Pay & Accounts Officer, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, payable at New Delhi.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| ADG, SDRD , NSSO | M/O Statistics & PI, G/O India | http://mospi.gov.in/ |
| DDG, Computer Centre | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx |
DDI-IND-MOSPI-NSSO-50Rnd-Sch10-1993-94
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | MOSPI, CC | M/O Statistics & Programme Implementation | Documentation of the study |
2012-02-29
Version 1.0 (Feb 2012)
