IND-NSSO-SLLT-1988-v1.0
Survey on Level of Living of TRIBALS July-June 1988-89
NSS 44th Round
SLLT July 1988-June 1989: NSS 44th Round
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| India | IND |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
For the purpose of this enquiry, “tribal population” means the members of the Scheduled Tribes declared under the Article 342 of the Constitution of India. They are known to be the descendan6ts of the earliest inhabitants of our country (hence called Adivasis”). At present, in most parts of India, they form one of the economically weakest sections of the society. So far there has not been any systematic study of their living conditions covering the whole country. Whatever data are available are derived from the decennial censuses, apart from some micro studies carried out by social anthropologists. In the NSS the tribal population have always been covered as part of the general population. Separate tables have also been prepared for the scheduled tribe and schedules caste populations in some of these programmes of those rounds were drawn up with the general population in view and so far there had been no enquiry with its focus on the tribal population. In NSS 32nd and 33rd rounds special surveys had been carried out through an integrated schedule (schedule 16.4) in the North-Eastern region. The survey was conducted in the rural areas of the following States:- 32nd round : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (N. Cachar and Karbi Anglong districts only), Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura; 33rd round : In addition to the above States, Mizoram also. Even though this covered many aspects specially related to the life of the people of this region (who are mostly tribals), no such survey has so far been undertaken about the life of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan.This 44th round is fourth in round series.
In pursuance of the recommendations made by the Governing Council (G.C.) of the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in its 44th meeting held on 16 January 1987 to undertake a comprehensive survey on the socio-economic conditions of the tribal people in the 44th round (July 1988 - June 1989) of NSS, various schedules of enquiries on the subject were drawn up and tested in the field through a try-out survey. The schedules were discussed in details in the meetings of the Working Groups (W.G) set up by the G.C., NSSO for the NSS 44th round. In the light of the experiences gained through the try-out survey, the schedules of enquiry were finalized by the W.G. and subsequently approved by the G.C. of the NSSO in its 45th meeting held on 29 December 1987.
Schedules of investigation : In order to study the living conditions of tribals, it is, probably, imperative to know the environment in which the tribals live. Hence a village schedule (schedule type 3.1) was canvassed to collect information at village/hamlet level on the extent of availability of various facilities which have direct or indirect bearing on tribal life.
However, the major thrust in collecting information on living conditions of tribals will, obviously, be at the household level. There are various aspects of tribal life which need to be studied. From the point of view of analysis it would have, probably, been ideal to collect all the necessary information from the same set of sample households in an integrated manner. But as the factors are numerous, any attempt to accommodate all the items of information in a single schedule of enquiry will make the schedule unwieldy. It was, thus, decided to frame two schedules of enquiries for collecting information from the tribal households - one mainly on socio-economic aspects relating to the level of living of tribals (schedule type - 29.1) and the other on economic and enterprise aspects of the tribal households (schedule type 29.2).
Further, with a view to studying the problems of land alienation faced by the tribal population due to in-migration of non-tribals in the tribal areas and also to assess the differences in the socio-economic standard of living between the tribals and the non-tribals, a schedule of enquiry (schedule type 29.3) was designed for collecting information from the non-tribal households residing in the tribal areas.
In short, the following four schedules of enquiries have been framed for the tribal survey:
(i) Village schedule 3.1 : General information on village characteristics
(ii) Household schedule 29.1 : Level of living of tribals
(iii) Household schedule 29.2 :Economic activity of the tribals
(iv) Household schedule 29.3 : Particulars of migration and ownership of land by non-tribals.
Here in this study the focus is Household schedule 29.1: Level of living of tribals.The object of the enquiry on the living condition of the tribal population carried out in the present round was to throw light on as many aspects as possible of the tribal population of this country. They will relate to aspects of their “level of the living” including demographic and activity particulars, family expenditure etc. as well as to their entrepreneurial activities.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households
V1.0 : Re-organised anonymised dataset for public distribution.
2012-10-05
There are various aspects of tribal life on which information is required to study the living conditions of tribals. It has been stated earlier that all those aspects cannot be accommodated in one schedule of enquiry.
The household schedules 29.1 was canvassed in the scheduled tribe households. If different members of a household belong to different tribes, the tribe of the head of the household belong to different tribes, the tribe of the head of the household was considered as the tribe of the household. The schedules was canvassed in the special as well as in general samples belonging to all the rural and urban strata.
In schedule 29.1 demographic particulars, educational particulars with the emphasis on drop-outs and assistance received from various agencies including government, activity particulars and health care & morbidity particulars of each member of the household were collected. Data on economic activity of the members was collected in respect of both usual and current week status following the concepts adopted in the “Employment and Unemployment” survey conducted in 43rd round ( July 1987 - June 1988) of National Sample Survey (NSS). At the household level the survey covered information on consumer expenditure, purchase of selected commodities available though public distribution system or from open market and also the particulars of dwelling unit. Although attempts were made to collect information on the total household consumption of the tribal households by using the concepts adopted in the “Consumer Expenditure” survey on the NSS 43rd round, detailed item wise information was not collected due to the practical difficulties of data collection particularly from the tribal households.
Reference period : Different reference periods were used for different items of investigation. The reference period 'last day' will mean the day prior to the date of survey: 'last week' will mean the 30 days preceding the date of survey and 'last year' will indicate 365 days preceding the date of survey.
National, State, Urban, Rural
All tribles Households within country
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Sample Survey Office | Ministry of Statistcs and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Survey Design Reearch Division | National Sample Survey Office | Questionnaire Desgn, Sampling methodology,Survey Reports |
| Field Operations Division | National Sample Survey Office | Field Work |
| Data Processing Division | National Sample Survey Office | Data Processing |
| Computer Centre | Ministry of Statistcs and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) | Data processing & Dissemination |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, GOI | MOSPI |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Governing council and Working Group | Government of India | Finalisation of survey study and Questionnaire |
The sample design is, as usual, stratified two-stage with the census village as the first stage unit in the rural sector and UFS block as the first stage unit in the urban sector. The second stage units were households for all schedules.The sample design in the rural sector was decided with a view to providing good estimates for the tribal enquiry. Except in the north-eastern region, the tribal population was concentrated in some districts within the states having considerable tribal population and even in those districts they were found to be unevenly distributed geographically. Therefore special stratification and selection procedures were adopted not only to net sufficient number of tribal households in the sample but also to improve the design in general for the tribal enquiry.
Sampling frame of villages: The list of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for selection of villages in most districts. However in Assam (where '81 census was not done) and a few districts of some other states (where the available lists of villages were not satisfactory), 1971 census village lists were used as frame.
Stratification : In Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu and Pondicherry where there were practically no tribal population, the strata used in NSS 43rd round were retained. In Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep also the strata of 43rd round were retained because of the high percentage of ST. population in these States/U.T.'s. (The strata of 43rd round have been retained in the case of Sikkim as the distribution of tribal population is more or less uniform over all the districts).In the remaining states fresh stratification was carried out as described below.
In these states all districts accounting for the bulk of the states's tribal population were selected for formation of strata with concentration of tribal population. Besides these districts, tribal concentration strata were demarcated also in some other districts with relatively small tribal population in order to ensure coverage of as many different ethnic groups as possible.
Within each district so identified for formation of tribal concentration strata, the tehsils with relatively high concentration of tribal population, together constituted one stratum. These tehsils were selectd in such a way that together they accounted for the bulk (70% or more) of the district tribal population and the proportion of tribal to total population and the proportion of tribal to total population in this stratum was significantly greater than that of the district as a whole. The strata so formed were not always geographically contiguous. These tribal concentration strata are called STRATUM TYPE -1. Further, all the strata of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshdweep and Sikkim are also considered as stratum type-1. All the remaining strata in the rural sector (in any State/U.T.) were called stratum type -2.
General and special sample villages : There were two types of sample villages in this round. The first type was the general sample in which all enquiries were carried out. The second type was designated as "special sample villages" in which only schedules 3.1, 29.1, 29.2 and 29.3 were canvassed. The special sampleswere intended for augmenting the general sample for the tribal enquiry. These special sample villages were selected only from the tribal concentration strata (stratum type 1 ) of the 16 States and the U.T. OF Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1) of 16 States and the U.T. of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. There were no special sample villages in the remaining States/U.T.'s. The special samples were called sample type-1 and the general samples, sample type-2.
Schedules 29.1 was canvassed both in rural and urban sectors. Six households each from the frame of schedules tribe households in the villages of special as well as general samples falling in the tribal strata were canvassed. On the other hand only two households were selected from the sample villages of stratus type 2 as well as from each sample block in urban areas of the schedules 29.1. In the special sample villages requiring hamlet group formation, the hamlet group having maximum number of tribal population will be designated as area type 1 and the other hamlet group selected at random from the remaining hamlet groups will be called area type 2. From the area type 1, 4 tribal households will be selected, while only 2 tribal households will be sampled from area type 2 for he schedule - 29.1.
Detailed procedures of samp[ling may be seen in INSTRUCTIONS TO FIELD STAFF : VOLUME I attached as external resource.
There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.
Sample weights were NOT included in each of the data files
Schedule 29.1 consisted of the following blocks :
Block 1 : identification of sample household
Block 2 : particulars of field operations
Block 3 : remarks by investigator
Block 4 : remarks by supervisory officers(s)
Block 5 : household characteristics
Block 6 : demographic, personal characteristics and migration particulars of household members.
Block 7 : particulars of education
Block 8 : usual and current week activity particulars
Block 9 : quality and value of purchase of selected commodities
Block 10: particulars of health care and morbidity
Block 11 : particulars of ceremonies performed by the household
Block 12 : cash purchase and consumption of food, tobacco, intoxicants, fuel & light, clothing and footwear
Block 13 : expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services, rents and taxes and durable goods for domestic use.
Block 14 : particulars of dwelling unit.
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1988-07 | 1989-06 |
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Field Operations Division of Naional Sample Survey Office | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | NSSO(FOD) |
The survey period of the round was divided into four sub-rounds of 3 months each as follows:-
sub-round number period
1 July - September 1988
2 October- December 1988
3 January- March 1989
4 April - June 1989
Equal number of sample villages and block were allocated for survey in each of these sub-rounds. Each village and block was surveyed during the sub-round to which it has been allotted.
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx | nssodata@gmail.com |
Validated unit level data relating to various survey rounds are available on CD-ROMS which can be obtained from the Deputy Director General, Computer Centre, M/O Statistics and PI, East Block No. 10 R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066 by remitting the price along with packaging and postal charges as well as giving an undertaking duly signed in a specified format.The amount is to be remitted by way of demand draft drawn in favour of Pay & Accounts Officer, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, payable at New Delhi.
National Sample Survey Organization of India, Survey on Level of Living of TRIBALS July-June 1988-89 Version 1.0: NSS 44th Round, provided by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation India
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
© 1989, National Sample Survey Organization of India
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| ADG, SDRD , NSSO | M/O Statistics & PI, G/O India | http://mospi.gov.in/ |
| DDG, Computer Centre | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx |
DDI-IND-NSSO-SLLT-1988-v1.0
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | MOSPI, CC | M/O Statistics & Programme Implementation | Documentation of the study |
2012-10-05
Version 1.0 (Oct 2012)
